Where an ERISA plan specifically sets forth in the plan document its rights to reimbursement/subrogation vis-à-vis a plan participant then there is no requirement that recovery be conditioned on the plan being able to trace the recovered monies to the original benefit payment.  Under such circumstances, the plan is considered to have an equitable lien

The Eleventh Circuit recently concluded that Robert Montanile, a welfare plan participant, could not avoid reimbursing the National Elevator Industry Health Benefit Plan for benefits it paid on his behalf after he recovered from a third party tortfeasor.  In so ruling, the Court rejected Montanile’s arguments that the plan’s reimbursement provision was not enforceable because